stanza - Vers
• frame - Rahmen
• minor –Moll
• major – Dur
• surveilliance – Überwachung
• doomsday- Tag des jüngsten Gerichts
• exploitation – Ausnutzung
Phrases for the words shocked / stunned:
• to come as a shock
• to be dazed
• speechless
• horrified
• aghast – bestürzt, entgeistert
• in a state of shock
• outraged – empört, entrüstet
• a bolt from the blue – ein Blitz aus heiterem Himmel
• a horrifying awakening – ein entsetzliches Erwachen
• to be mumbled – gemurmelt, gegrummelt oder genuschelt werden
• terrorist attack – Terroranschlag
• turning point – Wendepunkt
• to mark the end of sth.- das Ende von etw. markieren
• soil – Boden, Erdboden
• the US government – die US-Regierung
• to respond by – antworten mit
• to launch a war – einen Krieg anführen
• domestic and international level – innerstaatlicher und internationaler Ebene
• invasion – Invasion
• to strike – auffallen
• collapse – Zusammenbruch
• loss of control – Kontrollverlust
• devastation – Zerstörung
• to enlarge – sich vergrößern, ausbauen
• witness – Zeuge
• suicide bombers – Selbstmordattentäter
• skeletal – Skelett
• to decline – verfallen
• mental deficit – geistiger Ausfall
• to push aside – abdrängen
• to be the last resort – der letzte Ausweg zu sein
Freitag, 10. Dezember 2010
Donnerstag, 18. November 2010
Vocabulary
test tube - Das Reagenzglas
vulnerable - verletzbar,angreifbar
the barn - Die Scheune
to concede - eingestehen,nachgeben
abortion - die Abtreibung.die Fehlgeburt
to abort - abtreiben,abbrechen
resources - Ressourcen
to renounce - aufgeben
to contradict - widersprechen
opposed to - gegensätzlich
frame - der Rahmen
to use sth. up - ausnutzen,verbrauchen
trotz alledem - despite all that
test tube - Das Reagenzglas
vulnerable - verletzbar,angreifbar
the barn - Die Scheune
to concede - eingestehen,nachgeben
abortion - die Abtreibung.die Fehlgeburt
to abort - abtreiben,abbrechen
resources - Ressourcen
to renounce - aufgeben
to contradict - widersprechen
opposed to - gegensätzlich
frame - der Rahmen
to use sth. up - ausnutzen,verbrauchen
trotz alledem - despite all that
Freitag, 5. November 2010
Vokabeln GK 1
in the upper/lower part – im oberen/ unteren Teil
(to) renounce – auf etwas verzichten
(to) contradict – widersprechen
controversy – Meinungsverschiedenheit
(to) have an effect – Einfluss auf etwas haben
failure – Erfolglosigkeit
(to) fail – durchfallen
fumes – Abgase
chemicals – Chemikalien
ignorant – ignorant
indifferent – gleichgültig
(to) be selected – ausgesucht sein/ werden
perception – Erkenntnis/ Wahrnehmung
(to) manipulate – manipulieren
(to) provide – anbieten
(to) provide sb with sth – jmd etw zur Verfügung stellen
(to) conceive – begreifen
treatment – Bearbeitung/ Behandlung
research – Forschung
curable – heilbar
(to) be conquered – erobert/ bezwungen/ besiegt werden
predictable – berechenbar/ vorhersehbar
(to) affect – betreffen, eine Wirkung auf etw haben
(to) refuse - ablehnen
genetic heritage – Erbgut
application – Verwendung
natural phenomena – Naturphänomen
scientists - Forscher
discoveries – Entdeckungen
field of studies – Studien
(to) further – fördern
(to) foresee – voraussehen
endeavours – Versuch
ethic – Moral
ethical - moralisch
(to) renounce – auf etwas verzichten
(to) contradict – widersprechen
controversy – Meinungsverschiedenheit
(to) have an effect – Einfluss auf etwas haben
failure – Erfolglosigkeit
(to) fail – durchfallen
fumes – Abgase
chemicals – Chemikalien
ignorant – ignorant
indifferent – gleichgültig
(to) be selected – ausgesucht sein/ werden
perception – Erkenntnis/ Wahrnehmung
(to) manipulate – manipulieren
(to) provide – anbieten
(to) provide sb with sth – jmd etw zur Verfügung stellen
(to) conceive – begreifen
treatment – Bearbeitung/ Behandlung
research – Forschung
curable – heilbar
(to) be conquered – erobert/ bezwungen/ besiegt werden
predictable – berechenbar/ vorhersehbar
(to) affect – betreffen, eine Wirkung auf etw haben
(to) refuse - ablehnen
genetic heritage – Erbgut
application – Verwendung
natural phenomena – Naturphänomen
scientists - Forscher
discoveries – Entdeckungen
field of studies – Studien
(to) further – fördern
(to) foresee – voraussehen
endeavours – Versuch
ethic – Moral
ethical - moralisch
Montag, 1. November 2010
Genetic engineering
Kernwörterschatz:
Genetic engineering
General terms:
scientific research – wissenschaftliche Forschung
advances in medicine/ medical research/ biotechnology -Fortschritt in der Medizin/
medizinische Forschung/ Biotechnologie
scientist/ researcher –Wissenschaftler
the potential opportunities/ danger of uncontrolled scientific research -mögliche Gefahren/ Gefahren unkontrollierter wissenschaftlicher Forschung
to do research in s.th. – etwas erforschen
a research project/ a study – Forschungsprojekt, Studie
to make progress – Fortschritte machen
to invent/ to discover – erfinden
an outstanding discovery - eine hervorragende Entdeckung
Reproductive cloning:
to alter/ to modify a genetic code/ DNA – einen genetischen Code ändern
to insert a gene into s.o.’s DNA – ein Gen in jemandes DNA eingliedern
to inject new genetic material into a cell – neues genetisches Material in eine Zelle injizieren
to alter chromosomes – Chromosomen ändern
to create designer babies and designer pets – Designer Babies und Tiere erschaffen
to replace deceased family members – wiedererschaffen/ ersetzen von
verstorbene Familienmitgliedern
to allow infertile couples to have children – unfruchtbaren Paaren Kinder erlauben
to give people the opportunity to reproduce themselves – Menschen die Gelegenheit geben, sich selbst neu zu erschaffen
to create/ clone a genetically engineered child – ein genetisch ersonnenes Kind zu klonen
to create/ to preserve the elite in society – die Elite der Gesellschaft zu erhalten
to choose a baby’s looks – das Aussehen eines Babys aussuchen
outward appearance – das äußere Erscheinungsbild
character traits – die Charakterzüge
level of intelligence – das Niveau der Intelligenz
to enhance human attributes - menschliche Merkmale zu verbessern
to substitute/ replace unwanted character traits, genes – unerwünschte Charakterzüge/ Gene ersetzen
Therapeutic cloning:
to eradicate inherited/ genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, haemophilia … - ausrotten von ererbten genetischen Krankheiten, so wie Mukoviszidose,
Blutkrankheiten …
to be free of hereditary diseases – frei von erblichen Krankheiten
to provide a sibling/relative with blood/ bone marrow/organs –ein Geschwisterkind mit Blut/Knochenmark/ Organen versorgen(etw zur Verfügung stellen)
to suffer from terminal disease – an einer zeitlichen Krankheit leiden
to have a rare blood disease – eine seltene Blutkrankheit haben
to develop drugs/ vaccines – entwickeln von Arzneimitteln und
Impfstoffen
to treat autoimmune deficiencies – eine Immunschwäche behandeln
to stop the ageing process in human beings – den Alterungsprozess der Menschheit
aufhalten
to make s.o. immortal – jemanden unsterblich machen
to be terminally ill – zeitweise krank sein
to suffer from potentially fatal disease - Leiden an einer möglicherweise
verhängnisvollen Krankheit
donor organs, a donor – Organspender, Spender
to donate organs, eggs, sperm, human tissue, cells – Organe, Eizellen, Spermien,
menschliches Gewebe und Zellen spenden
to screen/ test pregnant women for hereditary diseases – schwangere Frauen prüfen/ durchleuchten auf Erbkrankheiten
to avoid birth defects/ disabilities – vermeiden von Geburtsfehlern, Missbildungen
to become pregnant through/ by IVF(in vitro fertilization) – schwanger werden durch Reagenzgläser/ künstliche Befruchtung
to reduce human suffering – menschliche Leiden reduzieren
Moral implications, ethical issues:
s.th. is morally and ethically acceptable - manches ist moralisch und ethisch
annehmbar
unacceptable – unannehmbar
highly objectionable – im hohen Maße ablehnungswüdig
intolerable – untolerierbar
offensive - anstößig
to tamper with nature/ human life – herumpfuschen mit Natur und Menschenleben
to play God – Gott spielen
to interfere with nature, with God’s creation – sich in die Natur einmischen, in Gottes Schöpfung
to respect the integrity/ the dignity of life – Vollkommenheit und Würde des Lebens
achten
to treat people as individuals – die Menschen als Individuen behandeln
to have an ethical responsibility towards future generations – ethische Verantwortung gegenüber künftigen Generationen haben
to jeopardize the welfare of future society – das Wohlergehen von der künftigen Gesellschaft auf’s Spiel setzen/ gefährden
to endanger the well- being of particular groups in society – das Wohlsein von einzelnen Gesellschaftsgruppen gefährden
nature is beyond human control and has its own laws – Natur steht über menschlicher Kontrolle und hat ihre eigenen Regeln
to affect s.th. adversely – etwas gegenteiliges bewirken
to have consequences for s.th. – für manches Folgen haben
to have a strong impact on s.th. – starke Einwirkung auf etwas haben
to make irrevocable mistakes – unwiderrufliche Fehler machen
s.th. has irreversible effects – manches hat nicht umkehrbare Wirkungen
to influence s.o./ s.th. to a great extent – Einfluss haben auf jemanden / etwas von großem Umfang
to object to (doing) s.th. – etwas dagegen haben
to reject the idea of doing s.th. – den Gedanken etwas zu tun
to oppose s.th. – gegen etwas sein
to outlaw cloning – klonen ächten
Genetically modified food, GM food:
to increase the world’s food supply - erhöhen der Weltnahrungsergänzung
to combat world hunger – den Hunger der Welt bekämpfen
to help famine-hit countries – Ländern mit großer Hungersnot helfen
to use fewer pesticides/ insecticides – weniger Pestizide und Insektzide verwenden
plants may become resistant to pesticides – Pflanzen könnten widerstandsfähig gegen Pestizide werden
to create crops with added vitamins/nutrients – Getreide mit zugefügten Vitaminen und Nährstoffen beschaffen
to create plants that survive in hot and dry climates – Pflanzen züchten, die in heißen, trockenen Klima überleben
to make plants heat- resistant/ herbicide- resitant - Pflanzen gegen Hitze und
Pflanzenschutzmittel widerstandsfähig machen
to pose serious health risks – ernsthafte Gesundheitsrisiken in Frage stellen
organic food versus GM food – natürliche Nahrung gegen genmanipulierte Nahrung
to destroy the ecological balance (of s.th.) - ökologische Gleichgewicht zerstören
Genetic engineering
General terms:
scientific research – wissenschaftliche Forschung
advances in medicine/ medical research/ biotechnology -Fortschritt in der Medizin/
medizinische Forschung/ Biotechnologie
scientist/ researcher –Wissenschaftler
the potential opportunities/ danger of uncontrolled scientific research -mögliche Gefahren/ Gefahren unkontrollierter wissenschaftlicher Forschung
to do research in s.th. – etwas erforschen
a research project/ a study – Forschungsprojekt, Studie
to make progress – Fortschritte machen
to invent/ to discover – erfinden
an outstanding discovery - eine hervorragende Entdeckung
Reproductive cloning:
to alter/ to modify a genetic code/ DNA – einen genetischen Code ändern
to insert a gene into s.o.’s DNA – ein Gen in jemandes DNA eingliedern
to inject new genetic material into a cell – neues genetisches Material in eine Zelle injizieren
to alter chromosomes – Chromosomen ändern
to create designer babies and designer pets – Designer Babies und Tiere erschaffen
to replace deceased family members – wiedererschaffen/ ersetzen von
verstorbene Familienmitgliedern
to allow infertile couples to have children – unfruchtbaren Paaren Kinder erlauben
to give people the opportunity to reproduce themselves – Menschen die Gelegenheit geben, sich selbst neu zu erschaffen
to create/ clone a genetically engineered child – ein genetisch ersonnenes Kind zu klonen
to create/ to preserve the elite in society – die Elite der Gesellschaft zu erhalten
to choose a baby’s looks – das Aussehen eines Babys aussuchen
outward appearance – das äußere Erscheinungsbild
character traits – die Charakterzüge
level of intelligence – das Niveau der Intelligenz
to enhance human attributes - menschliche Merkmale zu verbessern
to substitute/ replace unwanted character traits, genes – unerwünschte Charakterzüge/ Gene ersetzen
Therapeutic cloning:
to eradicate inherited/ genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, haemophilia … - ausrotten von ererbten genetischen Krankheiten, so wie Mukoviszidose,
Blutkrankheiten …
to be free of hereditary diseases – frei von erblichen Krankheiten
to provide a sibling/relative with blood/ bone marrow/organs –ein Geschwisterkind mit Blut/Knochenmark/ Organen versorgen(etw zur Verfügung stellen)
to suffer from terminal disease – an einer zeitlichen Krankheit leiden
to have a rare blood disease – eine seltene Blutkrankheit haben
to develop drugs/ vaccines – entwickeln von Arzneimitteln und
Impfstoffen
to treat autoimmune deficiencies – eine Immunschwäche behandeln
to stop the ageing process in human beings – den Alterungsprozess der Menschheit
aufhalten
to make s.o. immortal – jemanden unsterblich machen
to be terminally ill – zeitweise krank sein
to suffer from potentially fatal disease - Leiden an einer möglicherweise
verhängnisvollen Krankheit
donor organs, a donor – Organspender, Spender
to donate organs, eggs, sperm, human tissue, cells – Organe, Eizellen, Spermien,
menschliches Gewebe und Zellen spenden
to screen/ test pregnant women for hereditary diseases – schwangere Frauen prüfen/ durchleuchten auf Erbkrankheiten
to avoid birth defects/ disabilities – vermeiden von Geburtsfehlern, Missbildungen
to become pregnant through/ by IVF(in vitro fertilization) – schwanger werden durch Reagenzgläser/ künstliche Befruchtung
to reduce human suffering – menschliche Leiden reduzieren
Moral implications, ethical issues:
s.th. is morally and ethically acceptable - manches ist moralisch und ethisch
annehmbar
unacceptable – unannehmbar
highly objectionable – im hohen Maße ablehnungswüdig
intolerable – untolerierbar
offensive - anstößig
to tamper with nature/ human life – herumpfuschen mit Natur und Menschenleben
to play God – Gott spielen
to interfere with nature, with God’s creation – sich in die Natur einmischen, in Gottes Schöpfung
to respect the integrity/ the dignity of life – Vollkommenheit und Würde des Lebens
achten
to treat people as individuals – die Menschen als Individuen behandeln
to have an ethical responsibility towards future generations – ethische Verantwortung gegenüber künftigen Generationen haben
to jeopardize the welfare of future society – das Wohlergehen von der künftigen Gesellschaft auf’s Spiel setzen/ gefährden
to endanger the well- being of particular groups in society – das Wohlsein von einzelnen Gesellschaftsgruppen gefährden
nature is beyond human control and has its own laws – Natur steht über menschlicher Kontrolle und hat ihre eigenen Regeln
to affect s.th. adversely – etwas gegenteiliges bewirken
to have consequences for s.th. – für manches Folgen haben
to have a strong impact on s.th. – starke Einwirkung auf etwas haben
to make irrevocable mistakes – unwiderrufliche Fehler machen
s.th. has irreversible effects – manches hat nicht umkehrbare Wirkungen
to influence s.o./ s.th. to a great extent – Einfluss haben auf jemanden / etwas von großem Umfang
to object to (doing) s.th. – etwas dagegen haben
to reject the idea of doing s.th. – den Gedanken etwas zu tun
to oppose s.th. – gegen etwas sein
to outlaw cloning – klonen ächten
Genetically modified food, GM food:
to increase the world’s food supply - erhöhen der Weltnahrungsergänzung
to combat world hunger – den Hunger der Welt bekämpfen
to help famine-hit countries – Ländern mit großer Hungersnot helfen
to use fewer pesticides/ insecticides – weniger Pestizide und Insektzide verwenden
plants may become resistant to pesticides – Pflanzen könnten widerstandsfähig gegen Pestizide werden
to create crops with added vitamins/nutrients – Getreide mit zugefügten Vitaminen und Nährstoffen beschaffen
to create plants that survive in hot and dry climates – Pflanzen züchten, die in heißen, trockenen Klima überleben
to make plants heat- resistant/ herbicide- resitant - Pflanzen gegen Hitze und
Pflanzenschutzmittel widerstandsfähig machen
to pose serious health risks – ernsthafte Gesundheitsrisiken in Frage stellen
organic food versus GM food – natürliche Nahrung gegen genmanipulierte Nahrung
to destroy the ecological balance (of s.th.) - ökologische Gleichgewicht zerstören
Freitag, 17. September 2010
Analysis – Useful Vocabulary
- The author presents his arguments in a forceful/ powerful way.
- He writes in a matter-of-fact way and comes straight to the point.
- He prefers an emotional language.
- He is fond of long-winded sentences/roundabout ways of expression.
- He chooses some comparisons.
- He writes in a colourful/ colourless manner.
- The word…refers to…
- This expression means…/ is explicitly to be understood as…
- The literal meaning of this word is …
- This word/ term implies/ suggests that …
- This term is associated with…
- The author tries to arouse/ evoke certain associations…
- He writes in a matter-of-fact way and comes straight to the point.
- He prefers an emotional language.
- He is fond of long-winded sentences/roundabout ways of expression.
- He chooses some comparisons.
- He writes in a colourful/ colourless manner.
- The word…refers to…
- This expression means…/ is explicitly to be understood as…
- The literal meaning of this word is …
- This word/ term implies/ suggests that …
- This term is associated with…
- The author tries to arouse/ evoke certain associations…
Anti-utopian/ Dystopian Literature
- show the dangers of future societies
- give a counterpoint to the positive utopias of former times
- the authors are influenced by society and the age they live in (wars, rising economic,
ecological and social problems, increasing danger of disaster etc)
- make the reader reconsider the ideas of progress-orientated societies
- don’t see any room for hopeful, idealistic and optimistic speculations, but this way they
come to terms with our anxieties and hopes
- they give a warning that hopefully leads to some awareness among the people
- exaggerating is necessary from a dramatic point of view (suspense)
- by imagining the worst we may hope to avert it
- give a counterpoint to the positive utopias of former times
- the authors are influenced by society and the age they live in (wars, rising economic,
ecological and social problems, increasing danger of disaster etc)
- make the reader reconsider the ideas of progress-orientated societies
- don’t see any room for hopeful, idealistic and optimistic speculations, but this way they
come to terms with our anxieties and hopes
- they give a warning that hopefully leads to some awareness among the people
- exaggerating is necessary from a dramatic point of view (suspense)
- by imagining the worst we may hope to avert it
Sonntag, 12. September 2010
Useful language material
I) How to write an introductory sentence of a summary
- This passage/extract from ... deals with .../is concerned with ...
- The problem of ... forms the central theme/ is the dominant topic.
- The writer is prinipally concerned with/ interested in the presentation of ...
II) How to write the analysis
Character
- X appears to be a stubborn/condescending/timid/talkative/inert ... character.
- Y seems to be an open-minded/tolerant/passive/solitary ... character.
- X stands in contrast to Y/forms a contrast to Y.
- X appears in a new light when ...
- X is characterized by his dry humor/narrow-minded attitude ...
- X comes across as a conceited/... character.
- He/she shows a quick intelligence when...
Point of view
- The passage is presented from an omniscient/a limited point of view.
- The story is told as witnessed by the main character/minor participant in the action.
- The events are portrayed from the point of view of a third-person/first-person narrator.
- The events are portrayed from the point of view of a single character.
- The narrator tells the story from a remote standpoint/knows the meaning of the events/gives a distorted view of the events.
- The author uses X as a focus/as a centre of consciousness.
Mode of presentation
- The narrator uses the mode of telling/showing at this point and employs a dramatic method here.
- He presents this passage as a combination of telling and showing.
- He makes use of of several narrative methods.
- He shifts the focus from telling to showing when ...
- The writer employs telling to establish a comprehensive view...
- He inserts showing for intense moments...
Theme
- The passage is a study of ... In this way it mirrors the conflict/theme of the whole novel.
- The aspect illustrated here is ...
- The problem of ... forms the central theme/ist he the dominant topic.
- The conflict seems insoluble at this point.
Language
- The author uses/makes use of employs ... as a metaphor/symbol to show/demonstrate/illustrate ...
- The author reports her view in a mixture of longer and shorter sentences.
- He/she changes to short sentences to arouse a dramatic effect.
- An instance of accumulation/enumeration can be traced in ll. ...
- The author has enumerated a string of negative/positive impressions of ... This underlines/emphasizes ...
- The text provides examples of hyperbole./ The use of hyperbole helps the writer in this section to draw attention to the point he is making.
- Irony is employed here to make fun of .../to ridicule ...
- He/she makes ironic comments on ...
- The passage is written in a humorous tone.
- This passage/extract from ... deals with .../is concerned with ...
- The problem of ... forms the central theme/ is the dominant topic.
- The writer is prinipally concerned with/ interested in the presentation of ...
II) How to write the analysis
Character
- X appears to be a stubborn/condescending/timid/talkative/inert ... character.
- Y seems to be an open-minded/tolerant/passive/solitary ... character.
- X stands in contrast to Y/forms a contrast to Y.
- X appears in a new light when ...
- X is characterized by his dry humor/narrow-minded attitude ...
- X comes across as a conceited/... character.
- He/she shows a quick intelligence when...
Point of view
- The passage is presented from an omniscient/a limited point of view.
- The story is told as witnessed by the main character/minor participant in the action.
- The events are portrayed from the point of view of a third-person/first-person narrator.
- The events are portrayed from the point of view of a single character.
- The narrator tells the story from a remote standpoint/knows the meaning of the events/gives a distorted view of the events.
- The author uses X as a focus/as a centre of consciousness.
Mode of presentation
- The narrator uses the mode of telling/showing at this point and employs a dramatic method here.
- He presents this passage as a combination of telling and showing.
- He makes use of of several narrative methods.
- He shifts the focus from telling to showing when ...
- The writer employs telling to establish a comprehensive view...
- He inserts showing for intense moments...
Theme
- The passage is a study of ... In this way it mirrors the conflict/theme of the whole novel.
- The aspect illustrated here is ...
- The problem of ... forms the central theme/ist he the dominant topic.
- The conflict seems insoluble at this point.
Language
- The author uses/makes use of employs ... as a metaphor/symbol to show/demonstrate/illustrate ...
- The author reports her view in a mixture of longer and shorter sentences.
- He/she changes to short sentences to arouse a dramatic effect.
- An instance of accumulation/enumeration can be traced in ll. ...
- The author has enumerated a string of negative/positive impressions of ... This underlines/emphasizes ...
- The text provides examples of hyperbole./ The use of hyperbole helps the writer in this section to draw attention to the point he is making.
- Irony is employed here to make fun of .../to ridicule ...
- He/she makes ironic comments on ...
- The passage is written in a humorous tone.
Useful phrases to speak about a short story
- The short story is about a decisive event in the life of ….
- The story deals with the theme of….
- It illustrates a typical example of human….
- It is a psychological study of…
- It narrates the conflict between two characters…
- The story concentrates on…
- It presents aspects of characters at a crucial moment of conflict in their lives…
- It is set in…
- It covers only a short period of time.
- There is a build-up of suspense towards the end of the story.
- It may have an abrupt opening; an open ending; a surprise ending
- The atmosphere in the story is shown in…; is revealed by…
- The story deals with the theme of….
- It illustrates a typical example of human….
- It is a psychological study of…
- It narrates the conflict between two characters…
- The story concentrates on…
- It presents aspects of characters at a crucial moment of conflict in their lives…
- It is set in…
- It covers only a short period of time.
- There is a build-up of suspense towards the end of the story.
- It may have an abrupt opening; an open ending; a surprise ending
- The atmosphere in the story is shown in…; is revealed by…
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