- show the dangers of future societies
- give a counterpoint to the positive utopias of former times
- the authors are influenced by society and the age they live in (wars, rising economic,
ecological and social problems, increasing danger of disaster etc)
- make the reader reconsider the ideas of progress-orientated societies
- don’t see any room for hopeful, idealistic and optimistic speculations, but this way they
come to terms with our anxieties and hopes
- they give a warning that hopefully leads to some awareness among the people
- exaggerating is necessary from a dramatic point of view (suspense)
- by imagining the worst we may hope to avert it
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